Taqdir-Fate
“Bismillahir Rahmannir Raheem”Al-Hamdu Lillaahi Rabbil ‘Aalameen was Salaatu was- Salaamu ‘Alaa Sayidinaa Muhammadin wa Aalihi wa Asabihi Ajma ‘een (tauheed- risalat- ahkirat and islam-iman-ihsan)
what does predestined
means in Islam?
The root of qadar is qadara. In Arabic it is said “Qadartu ash-shay’a
qadran (or qadaran) (I evaluated the thing),” if one knows its quantity
and other attributes. (Fath al-Baari by Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, 1/118, Cited in
Umar Al Ashqar, Divine Will and Predestination in the Light of Quran and
Sunnah, p 33).In Arabic, qadar means decree, judgement, ultimate destiny.
Taqdeer means to think about how to sort things out. (Al Qaamoos al-Muheet by
Al-Fayroozabaadi, p. 591, Cited in Umar Al Ashqar, Divine Will and
Predestination in the Light of Quran and Sunnah, p 33)
In a technical sense, qadar means, “something of which there was prior
knowledge, one of the things which was written by the Pen when it wrote down
everything that was going to happen for the rest of eternity, when Allah
decreed the affairs of all His creation and what would happen before it
happened. He knew that these things would happen at certain times that were
known to Him, and in specific ways, and so things happen in the way that He has
decreed. (‘Aqeedat as-Safaareeni, 1/348, Cited in Umar Al Ashqar, Divine Will
and Predestination in the Light of Quran and Sunnah, p 33)
The truth is that the existence of this
universe and every creature in it clearly indicates that Allah had knowledge of
it before He created it. “For it is impossible that He could create
these things without knowing about them, because He creates things by His Will, and will requires a preconceived idea
about the desired thing. This preconceived idea about the desired thing
is knowledge of the desired thing. So
creation requires will and will requires knowledge, so creation requires
knowledge.” (Sharh at-Tahaawiyah)
Moreover, “The created beings
which exist in it are made in a proper and perfect manner which implies that
the One Who made them must have knowledge of the, because such perfect work
could not have been done by one who has no knowledge” (Sharh
at-Tahaawiyah)
Ibn `Umar (ra ) said: “By Him in Whose Hand is the soul of Ibn `Umar, if
anyone possessed gold as much as the mountain of Uhud and spent it in Allah’s
cause, Allah (subhanu waatala ) would not accept it from him unless he believed
in Allah’s Qadr.” Then he ﷺ cited as
evidence the words of the Prophet ﷺ: “Eemaan (faith) is to believe in (i) Allah
(subhanu waatala ), (ii) His angels, (iii) His revealed Books, (iv) His
Messengers, (v) the Day of Resurrection and (vi) Al-Qadr, both the good and bad
of it.”[ Muslim]
Allah Ta’ala created
the creation free of both belief and disbelief, and then He addressed them commanding and prohibiting them. Some people committed blasphemy through
actions, denial and disbelief in the truth by Allah abandoning them. Those who
believe did so through actions, testification, and affirmation, by Allah
guiding and supporting them. [ Sharh Aqida Tahawi, Shaykh Ninowi]
He is The One who willed and decreed for all things to happen. [ Al Fiqh Al
Akbar]
The Ruling (Qada), Decree (Qadar) and Will are eternal attributes without
“how”[modality]. [ Al Fiqh Al Akbar].Everything
happens according to His decree and will, and His will is accomplished. The
only will that people have is what He wills for them.What He wills for
them occurs and what He does not will, does notoccur.
Fate has been divided into three types by scholars , for the
purpose of explaination , as many people get dounts on this topic.From Bahaar e
shariat by Allama Amjed ali qadri ( rh) , khalifah of Imam Ahmed Raza Khan (rh)
Mubram‑e‑Haqeeqi: refers to
inevitable fate and is not changeable.
Mubram‑e‑Haqeeqi can not be changed.
If the Pious servants of Allah intend to intercede in these issues, then their
thoughts are diverted from such issues.
When the Angels
descended upon the nation of Lut (alaihis salaam) with punishment,? Hazrat
Ibraheem (alaihis salaam) who was very merciful, as even his name Ibraheem means
‘merciful father’, began to present the case of these infidels in the Court of Allah.
Almighty Allah says, “He began to
protest with us about the nation of Lut”.In this verse, the Holy Quran has
refuted those irreligious people who say that the Most Pious servants of Allah
have no say in His Exalted Court. In this verse, Almighty Allah refutes
their false beliefs by showing that they verily have great right to be heard in
His Court, for He says that Hazrat Ibraheem (alaihis salaam) began to protest
about the nation of Lut (alaihis salaam). It is in the Hadith Shareef that on
the night of Me’raaj, Huzoor ﷺ heard the
voice of someone speaking in a very loud and audible manner to Almighty Allah.
The Prophet ﷺ asked
Jibraeel (alaihis salaam) about who this was and he replied that it was Hazrat
Moosa (alaihis salaam). The Prophet ﷺ said, “Does he speak to his Rub in such a high pitched
voice?” and Hazrat Jibraeel (alaihis salaam) said, “His Rub is aware
of his intense nature.” When Almighty Allah revealed the verse, “Verily it is near that Your Lord may
give you so abundantly that you shall be pleased (satisfied)”, the Holy
Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “I will not be pleased if even one of my
Ummati remains in the fire of Hell.” It is stated in the Hadith
Shareef concerning a child of miscarriage, that on the day of Qiyaamah the
child will demand for the forgiveness of his parents with Allah in such a way
that a creditor demands from one who owes him, until Almighty Allah will say, “O child of miscarriage! O you who is
demanding (quarrelling) with his Lord! Take your parents by the hand and lead
them into Jannat. Almighty Allah addressed Hazrat Ibraheem (alaihis salaam) by
saying, “O Ibraheem! Do not enter this thought, for verily the punishment
is to descend upon them.” This is an example of Mubram‑e‑Haqeeqi.
Mu’allaq Mahz: refers to
that which is evidently pending the books of the Angels and can be changed?Muallaq items refer to those items of Taqdeer
which can be reached by most Awliyah Allah. Through their duas and through
their striving, it can be alleviated. It is concerning this that Huzoor Ghaus‑e‑Azam (radi Allahutala anhu)
says, “I can cause Qaza‑e‑Mubram to be alleviated.” It is in the
Hadith Shareef, “Verily Dua alleviates Qaza‑e‑Mubram.
Mu’allaq Shabi Ba Mubram :refers to that which is not evidently shown to be pending in the books of the Angels, but it is in the Knowledge of Allah, that it is a pending situation (can be changed for example through the duas of Allah’s chosen servants).
Muhasaba=analyzing faults/inspection ie taubah and fike e deen
Mujahida =striving hard
Mushahada=visualizing by perfect mujahida
I /nafs/ego/desires/duniya is a veil for mushahada
When I want to talk to allah I say prayers and when I want that he talk to me I recite quran- Hazrath Ali(ra)
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