Taqdir-Meaning – BackToMadina

“Bismillahir Rahmannir Raheem”Al-Hamdu Lillaahi Rabbil ‘Aalameen was Salaatu was- Salaamu ‘Alaa Sayidinaa Muhammadin wa Aalihi wa Asabihi Ajma ‘een (tauheed- risalat- ahkirat and islam-iman-ihsan)

Taqdeer (Fate)

Allah’s predestination of everything for His creation in accordance with His prior knowledge .

Absolute and perfect knowledge of Allah Ta’ala.

…’Imaan is to believe in Allah His angels, books, messengers, day of judgement and Al- qadar the good and bad’ (Bukhari, Muslim hadith e jibreal)

“Whatever of good reaches you is from Allah and whatever of evil befalls you is from yourself.”(4:79)

“And you believe in the divine decree, its good and bad.” Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, pp. 1-3,

(Around 120 days inside womb)Allah sends an angel with four words recording the persons provision, his life term, his deeds and whether he will be wretched or the blessed (in the hereafter). Then he breaths the soul into him.

….’No slave of Allah will truly believe until he believes in Al Qadr its good and bad from Allah, until he knows that what has befallen him was not going to miss him and that what missed him was not going to befallen him.'(Tirmidhi)

The Prophet (ﷺ) once delivered a speech in front of us wherein he left nothing but mentioned (about) everything that would happen till the Hour. Some of us stored that our minds and some forgot it…. Bukhari6604

“The Messenger of Allaah (r) came out to us with two books in his hand and

then asked, ‘Do you know what these two books are? ’ We replied, ‘No, O

Messenger of Allaah, unless you inform us.’ So he said about the one in his right

hand, ‘This is a Book from the Lord of the worlds containing the names of the

people of Paradise, the names of their fathers and their tribes, and so forth until

the end of them, no one will be added or taken away from it.’ Then he said about

the one in his left hand, ‘This is a Book from the Lord of the world containing the

names of the people of the Hell-Fire, the names of their fathers and their tribes,

and so forth until the end of them, no one will be added or taken away from it.’…. (Musnad Ahmad (2/167), and Sunan at-Tirrnithee in the Book of Qadr, (vol. 4, p. 449, no. 2141)

Belief in Taqdeer is a principle article of the Islamic faith.

“And that Allaah’s knowledge encompasses all things.” (Soorah at-Talaaq, 65: 12)

“Everything occurs by decree, even inability and capability.” (Muslim, vol. 4/ no. 6419)

“Indeed, I have created all things according to predestined proportions [Qadar].” (Soorah al-Qamar, 54: 49)

“Know that whatever has befallen you could never have missed you, and that which missed you could never have befallen you.” Sunan Abu Dawud, vol. 3, p. 1317, no. 4682

“But you cannot will, unless Allaah wills.” (Soorah al-Insaan, 76: 30)

“Allaah sends astray whom He wills and He guides on the Straight Path whom He wills.”(Soorah al-An‘aam, 6: 39)

“And had Allaah Willed, He could have made you (all) one nation.” (Soorah al-Maa’idah, 5: 48 Soorah an-Nahl, 16: 93

“You cannot will except as Allaah wills.” (Soorah al-Insaan, 76: 30 )

“And whatever blessings you have is from Allaah.” (Soorah an-Nahl , 16: 53)

‘Verily We have created all things with Al Qadr”(54:49)

“And that Allah surrounds (comprehends) all things in his Knowledge.” (65:12)

“No evil befalls on the earth or in your own souls except it is in the writings before we bring it into existence.”(57:22)

…Know that if the whole world combines to do you any good, they will not be able to do it unless Allaah has decreed it for you. And if they all combine to cause you harm, they will not be able to do anything except what Allaah has ordained for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried.” (Tirmidhi 2516)

“The Pen will not write the deeds of three persons: children until they reach the age of maturity, people asleep until they awake, and the insane until they regain their sanity.” (Musnad Ahmad)

TYPES OF TAQDIR

Al Jabariyyah=they hold that the people have no free will and are not responsible for their actions, rather they are forced like a feather in the wind.

Al qadariyyah=they deny Al-qadar and claim that man creates his own actions by his own ability and will making creators other than Allah. That is why the prophet (sallAllahu alaihi wa sallam) called them Majoos (magians) of this ummah,” because the Majoos claim that Satan created evil and harmful things, making Satan a creator besides Allah.

The medium course is that of Ahlu Sunnah the followers of as Salaf us Salih.

1.Allah has created our actions and knows them before we do them due to his Perfect Knowledge

2.People have free will and responsible for their actions because Allah does not force us to choose that action.

3.Carry on doing (good) deeds for everyone will find easy to do such deeds as will lead him to his destined place for which he has been created.

4.He who is destined to be among the happy (in the Hereafter) will find it easy to do the deeds of such people(jannatis=they find easy to do good deeds for example farz/wajib/sunnah/mustahab).

5.Allah forsook the wicked and the evil ones and left them to themselves and did not help them because they turned away from Him

TAQDIR BEFORE AND AFTER ITS MANIFESTATION

1.Before the taqdeer takes place=should seek the help from Allah, depend upon him and supplicate to him (istikhara before its manifestation)

0 Allah if you know that this matter (and you name it) is good for me.., make it easy for me and bestow blessings in it for me. And if you know that this matter is bad for me …, then keep it away from me and turn me away from it and for me the good wherever it is and then content me with it.” (Bukhari).

2.After the taqdeer takes place(Ridha/content after its manifestation)

Taqdir favoring you =thanking/praising Allah (keep patience and hard work)

Sinful deed = should ask Allah’s forgiveness and repent

Angels will give book of deeds 1.Back and left hand =people of hell 2.Front and right hand =people of heaven

Scholars derive from the above that destiny is of two types:

1.MUALLAQ/REVOCABLE

Written on ‘The Preserved Tablet’ (al Lawh al Mahfoodh)

Subject to change and alteration through the omission or commission of certain deeds.

But these changes are also recorded in the preserved tablet.

“Verily a man is deprived of a provision (that was written for him) because of a sin that he commits; only supplication changes destiny; and only righteousness can increase the life span.” (Nasai, Ibn Majah)

The record in the Preserved Tablet is fixed and not subject to any change whatsoever because it is based on Allaah’s eternal knowledge. However, changes may occur in the books handled by the angels, as He says: “Allaah erases what He wills and confirms what He wills. For the Mother of the Book is with Him.” (Soorah ar-Ra‘d, 13: 39)

“Whoever would be pleased that his sustenance be expanded and his term of life extended should

maintain his family ties.” (Sahih Al Bukhari, vol. 8, p. 11-12, no. 15 and Sahih Muslim, vol. 4, p.p. 1359-1360, no. )

Ibn Taymiyyah explained that “there are two types of provisions and life terms: The unchanged

record written in Ummul-Kitaab and another, subject to increase and decrease, made known to the angels by Allaah… In the angels’ books, the life terms increase or decrease, and similarly in the case of provisions as a result of particular deeds. Thus, Allaah instructs the angel to write the

provisions and life term of one of His creatures such that if the person joins family ties, Allaah

commands the angel to increase his sustenance and life term by specified increments. The angel does not know the actual outcome of the extension in the life term, or the total amount of increase in provisions. Only Allaah knows the outcome.” (Al-Fataawaa, vol. 8, p. 517 and 540)

The erasure and confirmation is relative to the knowledge of the angels. What is recorded in Ummul-Kitaab is relative to Allaah’s eternal knowledge which is unchangeable.” (Fat’hul-Baaree, vol. 10, p. 430)

Ibn ‘Abbaas said, “On the Night of Qadr, the deaths or births, the provision, the rain, and even the pilgrims of the coming year, such that it is said so and so will perform Hajj, are written from the Umm ul-Kitaab (al-Lawh ul-Mahfooz).” ad-Dur al-Manthoor, vol. 6, p. 25

2.MUBRAM/IRREVOCABLE

Denotes the eternal knowledge of Allah.

It encompasses the final result of the Muallaq destiny i.e. our choice of actions, their consequences and every precise detail of our lives.

Not subject to change or alter even slightly and is exclusive to Allah only.

….Those who are from the fortunate one’s, then the actions of the fortunate one’s will be made easy for him and as for those who are from the deprived one’s, the actions of the deprived ones will be made easy for him.’ …. (Mishkaat pg.20; Qadeemi)

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WHY TAQDIR/FATE?

You may become pious

Tests for the believers to strengthen their faith

Security from Shirk

Reliance on Allaah(weakness of humans and their need for their Lord).

Steadfastness in facing the challenges of life.(Appreciating Allaah’s Power, Wisdom, Mercy and Justice).

Avoidance of Magic and Fortunetelling.

Encouragement for Generosity/Gratitude.

…‘Try to perfect your deeds, and if you fail to perfect them, try to do as much as you can.

For if Allah did not create everything there would be another creator.

“Allaah created every doer and his action.(Silsilah al-Ahaadeeth as-Saheehah, no. 1637 and as-Sunnah, no. 357.

Allah wished tests and trials in the different laws which He revealed in order to distinguish between those who disobey and those who comply

The actions done by a mature person are based on his free will/ an ability to implement his will.

Nothing occurs in the heavens or on earth without Allaah’s will and permission.

“While Allaah has created you and what you do!” (Soorah as-Saaffat, 37: 96)

For example, death, illness, accidents, and so on. Such incidents are not attributed to

humans and are purely attributed to Qadar.

“Allaah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity.” (Soorah al-Baqarah, 2: )

Man is tested according to the level of his faith. If his faith is firm, his trials increase in severity, and if there is weakness in his faith, he will be tried accordingly.” ( Sunan at-Tirmithee¸vol.2, p.286, no. 1956.)

“When Allaah, the Most High, Wishes mercy for a nation He takes its prophet’s

life before that of the nation. And when He Wishes destruction for a nation He

punishes it while its prophet is still alive.” Sahih Muslim, Kitaab: Fadaa’il, Baab

PEOPLE OF PARADISE=CHOICE OF FAITH OVER DISBELIEF AND GOOD OVER EVIL

“The hearts of the slaves are between the two fingers of the Most Merciful, like

one heart. He turns them how He Wills.” Muslim in the Book of Qadr,

….and verily, (the rewards of) the deeds are decided by the last actions (deeds)” bukhari 6607.

“Indeed, a man will perform the deeds of the People of Paradise, as it appears to

people, yet he is from the people of the Hell-Fire. And indeed, a man will perform

the deeds of the people of the Hell-Fire, as it appears to the people, yet he is from

the people of Paradise.”muslim

ABOUT NON MUSLIMS

“No child is born but has the Islamic Faith, but its parents turn it into a Jew or a Christian”….bukhari 6599/6600

“and He likes not kufr for His slaves.” (40:7)

…The people said, “O Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ)! What do you think about those (of them) who die young?” The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Allah knows what they would have done (were they to live) bukhari 6599/6600

….“The Pen will not write the deeds of three persons: children until they reach the age of maturity, people asleep until they awake, and the insane until they regain their sanity.” (Musnad e Ahmad)

…‘Try to perfect your deeds, and if you fail to perfect them, try to do as much as you can. For indeed the person (who is destined) for Paradise will conclude his deeds with the deeds of the people of Paradise, no matter what he previously did. And verily the person (who is

destined) for the Hell-Fire will conclude his deeds with the deeds of the people of

the Hell-Fire, no matter what he previously did.’ …………..(Musnad Ahmad (2/167), and Sunan at-Tirrnithee in the Book of Qadr, (vol. 4, p. 449, no. 2141)

….and verily, (the rewards of) the deeds are decided by the last actions (deeds)” bukhari 6607.

“Indeed Allaah created people in darkness. Then He cast His light upon them. Anyone who was hit by that light will be guided and anyone who was missed will be misguided. Because of this, I say, ‘The Pen is dry in regard to Allaah’s knowledge.” (Musnad Ahmad)

“And whomsoever Allaah Wills to guide, He opens his breast to Islam, and

whomsoever He wills to send astray, He makes his breast closed and

constricted, as if he is climbing up to the sky.” (Soorah al-An‘aam, 6: 125)

Ibn ‘Abbaas said, “It means that Allaah opens up one’s heart for the acceptance of Tawheed and

belief in it.” (Tafsir Ibn Kathir, vol. , p. )

“But Allaah has endeared faith to you and beautified it in your hearts, and

He has made disbelief, wickedness and disobedience hateful to you.” (Soorah

al-Hujuraat, 49: 7)

“And remember when your Lord took from the loins of Adam’s children

their descendents and made them testify against themselves saying, ‘Am I not

your Lord?’ And they replied, ‘Yes! We testify.’ ” (Soorah al-A‘raaf, 7: 172)

“Indeed, Allaah created some people for Paradise while they were in the loins of

their fathers, and he created some people for the Hell-Fire while they were in the loins of there fathers.”sahih muslim

….“Allaah then placed between the two eyes of every human a flash of light showing their emaan and showed them all to Adam. Adam was awed by the sight of all these countless numbers of beings with flashes of light between their eyes so he asked Allaah, “O Lord, who are they?” Allaah told him that they were all of his descendants…..(tirmidhi)

…. “Verily, Allaah, the Blessed, the Most High, created Adam and then wiped his back and brought out from him his offspring. Then He said, ‘I have created these for the Hell-Fire, and they will do the deeds of the people of the Hell-Fire.’ ”abu dawood 4703

“Allaah then pointed to some of the descendants that He had extracted from Adam and his children and said, “I have created these people for Paradise and they will do the deeds of the people of Paradise.” He then pointed to the rest and said, “I have created these people for the Hellfire and they will do the deeds of the inhabitants of Hell…. (Abu Dawud vol.3, p.1318, no.4686)

” When the Prophet had said this one of his companions asked, “O Messenger of Allaah, what then is the point of doing good deeds?” The Prophet (r) replied, “Verily, if Allaah created one of his servants of Paradise, He helps him do the deeds of the people of Paradise until he dies doing one of their deeds; then He places him in Paradise because of it. But if He created a man for the Hellfire, He helps him do the deeds of its inhabitants until he dies doing one of their deeds; then He puts him in the Fire because of it.” (Abu Dawud vol.3, p.1318, no.4686)

“In it every matter of ordainments is decreed, as a command from Me. Indeed, I continually sent messengers.” (Soorah ad-Dukhaan, 44: 4-5)

“I did not wrong them, instead they were wrongdoers.” (Soorah az-Zukhruf,

43: 76)

“Truly, Allaah does not wrong humankind in any way, instead, it is

humankind who wrong themselves.” (Soorah Younus, 10: 44

“Verily Allaah, the Most High, took your souls when He willed and He returned

them when He willed.” al- Bukhaaree in the Book of Tawheed

“The hearts of the slaves are between the two fingers of the Most Merciful, like

one heart. He turns them how He Wills.” Muslim in the Book of Qadr,

PEOPLE OF PARADISE=CHOICE OF FAITH OVER DISBELIEF AND GOOD OVER EVIL

Allaah’s creation of a person for Paradise simply means that Allaah knows fully well

before his creation that such a person will be among the people of Paradise due to his choice of

faith over disbelief and good over evil.

…..Then the Prophet cast the two books aside with a motion of his hands and said, ‘Your Lord has settled (the matter between) the slaves, a portion of them will be in Paradise and a portion in

the Fire.’ (Musnad Ahmad (2/167), and Sunan at-Tirrnithee in the Book of Qadr, (vol. 4, p. 449, no. 2141)

“Whomsoever Allaah wishes to try, you can do nothing for him against Allaah. Those are the ones whose hearts Allaah does not want to purify.” (Soorah al-Maa’idah, 5: 41)

(“This is a just punishment for those who do not give Allaah His just due, and those who deny Allaah’s favors. He favored the ways that displease Allaah and followed his desires instead of working to receive Allaah’s pleasure. Is there any sin greater than this?”

A person will be among the people of Paradise due to his choice of faith over disbelief and good over evil.

Faith and disbelief are a matter of choice for mankind. Allah the exalted does not force anyone to adopt other choice:

“Then whosoever wills let him believe and whosoever wills let him disbelieve” (18:29)

The goodness is attributed to Allah but the evil is not attributed to him because the evil comes from the creation depending upon how they use what Allah has created.

So everything that Allah has created, has good in it and the evil comes if we use it as evil, so the evil comes from the creation as Allah says“I seek refuge in the Lord of the daybreak from the evil of what he has created “(113:1-2) So the evil comes from the creation.

“Allaah dislikes you to engage in three things: useless conversation, too much questioning and

wasting wealth.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim)

….and verily, (the rewards of) the deeds are decided by the last actions (deeds)” bukhari 6607.

FREE WILL AND QADR

To make choice with regard to beliefs and deeds.

Honor bestowed upon mankind

It sets us apart from the angels

Its not absolute ,it has limits.

Ability to think and to reason.

Knowledge of revelation/quran is out of Allah’s mercy .

Will of humans connected with will of Allah(destiny will happen).

Answerable to the choices we make, not for which we had no control.

What Allah wills from us is a secret(We are not commanded to do ,which Allah has decreed).

What Allah wants from us,he has commanded to do(which Allah has enjoined upon us).

Qadr/destiny =coming from ALLAH (decreed)

Qadr/destiny =cannot justify the mistakes/sins of an individual(seek forgiveness from Allah).

Qadr/destiny =if it was an excuse ,the kuffar would have use it when they see the punishment,coming of prophets would be meningless.

Qadr/destiny=is not an excuse for sins.

When I want to talk to allah I say prayers and when I want that he talk to me I recite quran- Hazrath Ali(ra)

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