Dars e Imam-Scholar Bidah

“Bismillahir Rahmannir Raheem””Al-Hamdu Lillaahi Rabbil ‘Aalameen was Salaatu was- Salaamu ‘Alaa Sayidinaa Muhammadin wa Aalihi wa Asabihi Ajma ‘een (tauheed- risalat- ahkirat and islam-iman-ihsan)

A major contribution of Imâm al-Shâfi`î (ra) in the Foundations of Jurisprudence (us.ûl al-fiqh) is his division of innovation (al-bid`a) and innovated matters (al-muh.dathât) into “good” and “bad” depending on their conformity or non-conformity to the guidelines of the Religion.This is authentically narrated from al-Shâfi`î from two of his most prestigious students in the latter period of his life,the Egyptian hadîth Masters Harmala ibn Yah.yâ al-Tujaybî and al-Rabî` ibn Sulaymân al-Murâdî:Harmala said, “I heard al-Shâfi`î (ra) say: ‘Innovation is two types (al-bid`atu bid`atân):approved innovation (bid`a mah.mûda) and disapproved innovation (bid`a madhmûma). Whatever conforms to the Sunna is approved (mah.mûd) and whatever opposes it is abominable (madhmûm).

He used as his proof the statement of `Umar ibn al-Khat.t.âb (ra) about the

[congregational]

supererogatory night prayers in the month of Ramad.ân: “What a fine innovation this is!Narrated from H.armala by Abû Nu`aym with his chain through Abû Bakr al-âjurrî in H.ilyat al-Awliyâ’ (9:121 #13315=1985 ed. 9:113) and cited by Abû Shâma in al-Bâ`ith `alâ Inkâr al-Bida` wal-H.awâdith (Ryadh 1990 ed. p. 93), Ibn Rajab in Jâmi` al-`Ulûm wal-H.ikam (p. 267=Zuh.aylî ed. 2:52= Arna’ût. ed. 2:131 s.ah.îh.),
Ibn H.ajar in Fath. al-Bârî (1959 ed. 13:253), al-Turt.ûshî in al-H.awâdith wa al-Bida` (p. 158-159), and al-Shawkânî, al-Qawl al-Mufîd fî Adillat al-Ijtihâd wa al-Taqlîd (1347/1929 ed. p. 36). `Umar’s report is narrated by Mâlik in al-Muwat.t.a’ and al-Bukhârî in his S.ah.îhThis shows that Imam shafi (rah) never interpreted `Umar’s words a ijhtihad or any thing the way the modern muslims over-interpreters (mu`attila) do.

Imam Dhahabi (Rah) writes: Innovations are of two types, The first consist of those new matters which are in opposition of Quran, Sunnah, Athaar, or Ijma of Ummah, these will be Bidat al Dhalalah (evil innovations). The second type consists of those new matters which are performed for the good, these will not be disliked, This is why Umar (RA) said at Qiyaam of Tarawih: What an excellent Bidah this is[Imam Dhahabi in As Siyar al Alam an Nabula, Volume 10, Page No. 70]

Mullah Ali Qari (Rah) the great Hanafi Faqih writes: Sheikh Izz ud din bin Abdus Salam (Rahimuhullah) at the end of his book Al-Qawaid explains Bidah as: The study of the disciplines of Arabic that are necessary to understand the Qur’an and sunnah (such as grammar, word declension, and lexicography), to derive Usool of Fiqh,The knowledge of Jirah wa Tadil (i.e. hadith classification to distinguish between correct and batil ahadith) are all Bidat al Wajiba (i.e. necessary new innovations),The Bidat al Mahrima include invention of new madhahib such as Jabriyah, Mujasmiyah..
….all these would be refuted through Bidat al Wajiba because it is Fard al Kifayah to defend shariah from such bidahs. On the other hand construction of universities and all other good deeds in Faruh which were not present in initial stages of Islam such as Tarawih in Jamaat, delicate points in Tassawuf will be Bidat al Mandub (i.e. allowed). The Shafi’is consider embellishing of mosques and Quran to be Bidat al

Makruh (i.e. disliked), whereas Ahnaaf consider it Mubah (i.e. allowed),on the other hand Shafi’is consider shaking of hands after Fajr and Asr to be Mubah (i.e. allowed) whereas Ahnaaf consider it disliked, similarly making delicious foods and drinks, making houses spacious (are all included in allowed Bidahs) [Mullah Ali Qari in Mirqat al Mifatih Sharah Mishkaat al Misabih Volume 1, Page No. 216]

Imam Ibn Hajar Hayathami [rah] said:That which is narrated in Hadith that All innovations are evil and all evil are in hell fire, This hadith will be applied for Bidat al Muhrima (i.e. evil innovations only) not others.[Al Haytami in Fatawa al Hadithiyyah, Page No. 203].

Imam Nawawi (rah) said: “al-Bid`ah in the Law is the innovating of what did not exist in the time of the Messenger of Allah and is divided into “Excellent” and “bad” (wahya munqasimatun ila hasana wa qabiha). The Shaykh, the Imam on whose foremost leadership, greatness, standing, and brilliance in all kinds of Islamic sciences there is consensus, Abû Muh.ammad `Abd al-`Aziz ibn `Abd al-Salam – Allah have mercy on him and be well-pleased with him! – said toward the end of his book, al-Qawa`id : “Innovation is divided into ‘obligatory’ (wajiba), ‘forbidden’s (muharrama), ‘recommended’s (manduba), ‘offensive’s (makuiha), and ‘indifferent’s (mubaha). The way [to discriminate] in this is that the innovation be examined in the light of the regulations of the Law (qawa`id al-sharp`a).If it falls under the regulations of obligatoriness (ijab) then it is obligatory; under the regulations of prohibitiveness (tahrum) then it is prohibited; recommendability, then recommended; offensiveness, then offensive; indifference, then indifferent.” [al-Nawawi, Tahdhib al-Asma’ wal-Lughat Volume 003, Page No. 22]

Imam Ibn al-athir al-Jazari’s Identical Definition “Bida’h is two kinds: the bida’h of guidance and the bid`a of misguidance (bid`atu huda wa-bid`atu dalala). Whatever contravenes the command of Allah and His Messenger : that is within the sphere of blame and condemnation. And whatever enters into the generality of what Allah or His Prophet commended or stressed: that is within the sphere of praise. Whatever has no precedent such as extreme generosity or goodness – such are among the praiseworthy acts. It is impermissible that such be deemed to contravene the Law because the Prophet has stipulated that such would carry reward when he said: “Whoever institutes a good practice in Islam (man sanna fil-islami sunnatan hasana) has its reward and the reward of all those who practice it.” And he said, conversely, “whoever institutes a bad practice in Islâm (waman sanna fil-islami sunnatan sayyi’atan) bears its onus and the onus of all those who practice it.”Ibn al-Athîr said in his masterpiece, al-Nihâya fî Gharîb al-H.âdîth wal-AtharAnything which contradicts the principles of Shariah is Bidat al Dhalalah (innovation of misguidance), whereas any new good thing which has asal in Quran and Sunnah is called Bidat al Hasanah (praiseworthy innovation)

Turning towards Allah (tawajuaillallaah -asking forgiveness) =toubah(servant is taib)

Allah turning towards servant (for forgiving servant)=tawwaab

When I want to talk to allah I say prayers and when I want that he talk to me I recite quran- Hazrath Ali(ra)

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